Urine Crystals


Crystals
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Calcium Oxalate | acid/neutral - envelopes/dumbells - none |
Calcium Carbonate | alkaline - dumbells - none |
Calcium Phosphate | alkaline/neutral - irregular - none |
amorphous urates | acid - pink, yellow granules - none |
amorphous phosphates | alkaline/neutral - white granules - none |
uric acid | acid - yellow/brown rhomboids - none, gout, chemo |
triple phosphates | alkaline - coffin lids, colorless - none |
choleterol | acid - notched plates - liver disease |
cystine | acid - hexagon - cystinuria |
leucine | acid/neutral - concentric circles - liver disease |
tyrosine | acid/neutral - needles, yellow or colorless - liver disease |
bilirubin | acid - irregular needles, rhomboids - liver disease |
Inborn Errors of Metabolism and others
Question | Answer |
---|---|
phenylketonuria | absence of phenylalinine hydroxylase - phenistix, ferric chloride - blue green color which stays |
porphyria | absence of various enzymes within heme metabolism - ehrlich's reaciton - red on top layer |
cystinuria | inability of kidney's to absorb cystine - cyanide nitroprusside + reducing substance - magenta, red-orange |
multiple myeloma | malignancy with IgM production - bence jones protein, protein electrophoresis - pos, M bands |
Multistix Test Pads (in order)
Question | Answer |
---|---|
pH | methyl red, bromthymol blue |
protein | tetra bromphenol blue |
glucose | glucose oxidase, peroxidase, potassium iodide |
ketones | sodium nitroprusside |
bilirubin | 2,4 dichloroanaline salt |
urobilinogen | p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (ehrlich) |
nitrite | p-arsanilic acid, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydrobensoquinolin-3-ol |
leukocyte | diazonium salt, amino acid ester |
blood | peroxidase, teramethylbenzidine |
SG | poly(methyl vinyl) ether, maleic anhydride, bromthymol blue |
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