Sol Y Viento Leccion 8a

Vocabulario Primera Parte

Talking About Money. ¿Cómo manejas el dinero? How do you handle money?

Your personal Finances ... En el banco

Spanish	English
el cheque	check
la cuenta corriente	checking account
la cuenta	bill; check
la cuenta de ahorros	savings account
darse cuenta de	to realize
los ahorros	savings
el cajero automático	ATM
los cheques de viajero	traveler's checks
sacar (qu) dinero	to withdraw money
depositar	to deposit
el/la cajero/a	teller
ahorrar	to save (money)
guarder	to save, keep (things)
gastar	to spend (money)
pasar	to spend (time)
cobrar	to charge (a fee)
ganar	to earn
manejar (bien/mal)	to manage (well, poorly)
pagar (gu) a plazos	to pay in installments
los gastos	expenses
los ingresos	income
el presupuesto (mensual)	budget (monthly)
el recibo	receipt
el sueldo	salary
derrochador (a)	wasteful
irresponsable	irresponsible
responsable	responsible
cargar (gu)	to charge
el efectivo	cash (money)
la tarjeta de crédito	credit card
además de	besides
start learning	start learning

Gramática Primera parte The Present Progressive

Talking About What You Are Doing Now. ¿Qué estás haciendo? What are you doing?
The Present Progressive: formed with the verb estar + a present participle
The present participle is formed by adding -ando to the stem of -ar verbs and
-iendo to the stem of -er and -ir verbs.

Spanish	English
estar	to be (temporary state)
estoy	I am
estás	you are, familar
está	he, she, it is
estamos	we are
están	they/you (pl.) are
están jugando	they are playing
estás comiendo	you (f.) are eating
estás llamando	you are calling
seguir	to follow,to pursue, to continue
sigo	I continue
sigues	you continue
sigue	he, she, it continues
seguimos	we continue
siguen	they continue
sigues trabajando	you continue working
sigo esperando	I continue waiting
start learning	start learning

note: Present Progressive stem changing -ir verbs

Verb	Present Participle
servir	sirviendo
pedir	pidiendo
decir	diciendo
dormir	durmiendo
leer	leyendo
oír	oyendo
construir	construyendo
start learning	start learning

note: spelling change for...

...-er and -ir verbs whose stem ends in a vowel - a "y" is used instead of an "i".

 

Spanish	English
estan leyendo	they are reading
estás oyendo	you are hearing
estoy construyendo	I am constructing
start learning	start learning

note: With inifinitive constructions...

Object and Reflexive pronouns can either precede the conjugated verb (estar) or be attached to the present participal.
If attached to the present participle, a written accent is added to maintain the original stress of the verb.

 

Spanish	English
Pedro se está duchando	Pedro is taking a shower
Pedro está duchándose	Pedro is taking a shower
start learning	start learning

note: In Spanish, the regular present tense...

... the present progressive, is used to espress actions that are repeated or that extend over a long period of time. The regular present tense is also used for impending or planned actions.

 

Spanish	English
Siempre lo llama	She is always calling him
Trabaja para la compañia ...	he is working for ...
llegamos pronto	we are arriving soon
¿A gué hora vienes?	What time are you coming?
start learning	start learning

note: to express that...

...an event or action has been going on or continuing over a period of time, Spanish uses the verb seguir + present participle instead of "estar".

 

Spanish	English
¿Sigues trabajando para ... ?	Are you still working for ...?
Sigo esperando ...	I keep (I'm still) waiting ...
sigo	I follow/pursue/continue
sigues	you (fam.) follow/pursue/continue
sigue	he, she, it, you (formal) follow/pursue/continue
seguimos	we follow/pursue/continue
siguen	they, you (pl.) follow/pursue/continue
start learning	start learning

Vocabulario Segunda Parte

Talking About Payments, Loans, and Debts. Las deudas. Debts. More on personal finances.

Spanish	English
un préstamo	a loan
una hipoteca	a mortgage
el seguro médico	medical insurance
el seguro de automóvil	auto insurance
amortizar (c) una deude (una hipoteca)	to pay off a debt (a mortgage)
deber	to owe
pagar (gu) de una vez	to pay off all at once
pedir (i,i) prestado/a	to borrow
prestar	to lend
la comisión	commission
los intereses	interest
el seguro	insurance
antirrobo	antitheft
contra incendios	fire
de vida	life
de vivienda	homeowner's
start learning	start learning

Gramática Segunda parte Conditional Regular Verb Conjugation

 

Talking About What You Would Do ¿Qué harías? What would you do? Introduction to the Conditional. Conditional verb forms allow you to express what you would do, given a particular situation or circumstance. Spanish marks conditional by adding a form of -ía and -ar, -er, and -ir verbs all have the same conditional endings ...
-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.

Spanish	English
No sé qué haría	I don't know what I would do
hablaría	I would speak
hablarías	you would speak
hablaría	he, she, it would speak
hablaríamos	we would speak
hablarían	they would speak
comería	I would eat
comerías	you would eat
comería	he, she, it would eat
comeríamos	we would eat
comerían	they would eat
viviría	I would live
vivirías	you would live
viviría	he, she, it would live
viviríamos	we would live
vivirían	they would live
start learning	start learning

Irregular Conditional Forms...

...have the same conditional endings as the Regular Conditional Verb forms with the exception stem changes. Learn the stem changes:

Verb	Stem change
decir	dir
haber	habr
hacer	har
poder	podr
poner	pondr
querer	querr
saber	sabr
salir	saldr
tener	tendr
venir	vendr
start learning	start learning

Irregular Conditional Verb Conjugation

Spanish	English
diría	I would tell/say
dirías	you would tell/say
diría	he, she, it would tell/say
diríamos	we would tell/say
dirían	they would tell/say
habría	I would have
habrías	you would have
habría	he,she,it would have
habríamos	we would have
habrían	they would have
haría	I would do/make
harías	you would do/make
haría	he, she, it would do/make
haríamos	we would do/make
harían	they would do/make
podría	I would be able
podrías	you would be able
podría	he, she, it would be able
podríamos	we would be able
podrían	they would be able
pondría	I would put
pondrías	you would put
pondría	he, she, it would put
pondríamos	we would put
pondrían	they would put
querría	I would want
querrías	you would want
querría	he, she, it would want
querríamos	we would want
querrían	they would want
sabría	I would know
sabrías	you would know
sabría	he, she, it would know
sabríamos	we would know
sabrían	they would know
saldría	I would leave
saldrías	you would leave
saldría	he, she, it would leave
saldríamos	we would leave
saldrían	they would leave
tendría	I would have
tendrías	you would have
tendría	he, she, it would have
tendríamos	we wuld have
tendrían	they would have
vendría	I would come
vendrías	you would come
vendría	he, she, it would come
vendríamos	we would come
vendrían	they would come
start learning	start learning

Vocabulario Tercera Parte

Talking about the economy La economía Local and World Markets
¿Cómo va la economía? Como muchas otras cosas, la economía también pasa por ciclos... How is the economy going? Like many other things, the economy also happens in cycles...

Spanish	English
prosperidad	prosperity
una alza	a rise
la Bolsa de valores	stock markert
tasa de desempleo	unemployment rate
recesión	recession
los tipos de interés	interest rates
bajando	lowering
depresión	depression
una baja	a loss
una subida	an ascent
invertir (ie,i)	to invest
subir	to go up
las acciones	stocks
los bienes fabricados	manufactured goods
los bienes raíces	real estate
la informática	information technology
las inversiones	investments
el mundo de los espectáculos	entertainment industry
los países desarrollados	developed countries
los países en vías de desarrollo	developing countries
la pobreza	poverty
la recuperación	recovery
la riqueza	wealth
exportar	to export
importar	to import
los automóviles	automobiles
la electrónica	electronics
la inflación	inflation
los metales preciosos	precious metals
los productos farmacéuticos	pharmaceutical products
los textiles	textiles
start learning	start learning

Más Vocabulario

Los productos agrícolas y comestibles The agricultural products and foods

Spanish	English
el azúcar	sugar
el cacao	cocoa
el café	coffee
el tabaco	tobaco
el acero	steel
la energía	energy
la madera	wood
el petróleo	petroleum
start learning	start learning

Gramática Tercera parte Imperfect Subjunctive

Espressing Hypothetical Events
Hypothetical Statements; Introduction to the Imperfect Subjunctive
Si tuviera más dinero... If I had more money
Real vs. possible situations:
If I have money, I spend it right away = real statement = present tense
If I had the money, I would spend it right away = unreal or hypothetical statement = past tense
In Spanish, if the Si clause represents a real situation, the verb in the Si clause is in the present tense and the verb in the main clause can either be in the present or the future. In an unreal or hypothetical condition, the verb in the Si clause is in the Imperfect Subjunctive, and the verb in the main clause is in the conditional.
The Imperfect Subjunctive is formed by taking the 3rd Person Plural of the preterite, minus the -on ending, and adding the endings
  -a, -as, -a, -ais, -amos, -an.
Forming the Imperfect Subjunctive!
hablar=hablaron ... comer=comieron ... vivir ... vivieron MINUS the -on PLUS the above endings

Spanish	English
si hablara	if I were to speak
si hablaras	if you were to speak
si hablara	if he, she, it were to speak
si habláramos	if we were to speak
si hablaran	if they were to speak
si comiera	if I were to eat
si comieras	if you were to eat
si comiera	if he, she, it were to speak
si comiéramos	if we were to speak
si comieran	if they were to speak
si viviera	if I were to live
si vivieras	if you were to live
si viviera	if he, she, it were to live
si viviéramos	if we were to live
si vivieran	if they were to live
start learning	start learning

Irregular Verbs in both the preterite and Imperfect Subjunctive

Forming the Imperfect Subjunctive via the 3rd person preterite paractice:

Verb	3rd person preterite	Imperfect Subjunctive 1st person	nosotros
decir	dijeron	dijera	dijéramos
estar	estuvieron	estuviera	estuviéramos
haber	hubieron	hubiera	hubiéramos
hacer	hicieron	hiciera	hiciéramos
ir	fueron	fuera	fuéramos
poder	pudieron	pudiera	pudiéramos
poner	pusieron	pusiera	pusiéramos
querer	quisieron	quisiera	quisiéramos
saber	supieron	supiera	supiéramos
ser	fueron	fuera	fuéramos
tener	tuvieron	tuviera	tuviéramos
venir	vinieron	viniera	viniéramos
start learning	start learning	start learning	start learning

note: stem-changing -ir verbs...

...in the preterite also have the same vowel change in all forms of the imperfect subjunctive ... dormir=durmieron, pedir=pidieron. Verbs that undergo a change from i to y in the 3rd person preterite also keep the y in all forms of the imperfect subjunctive ... creer=creyeron, oír=oyeron.

Spanish	English
si durmiera	if I were to sleep
si durmieras	if you were to sleep
si durmiera	if he, she, it were to sleep
si durmiéramos	if we were to sleep
si durmieran	if they were to sleep
si pidiera	if I were to ask
si pidieras	if you were to ask
si pidiera	if he, she, it were to ask
si pidiéramos	if we were to ask
si pidieran	if they were to ask
si creyera	if I were to believe/think
si creyeras	if you were to believe/think
si creyera	if he, she, it were to believe
si creyéramos	if we were to believe
si creyeran	if they were to believe
si oyera	if I were to hear
si oyeras	if you were to hear
si oyera	if he, she, it were to hear
si oyéramos	if we were to hear
si oyeran	if they were to hear
start learning	start learning