Pharm Elective O-Z
rename
dawale's
version from
2017-08-03 22:38
Section
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| octreotide | Endocrine: Pituitary: Growth Hormone antagonist. Acromegaly. |
| olopatadine-ophthalmic | Anti-histamine. Used for ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis SE: cold, pharyngitis; blurred vision, burning or stinging, conjunctivitis, dry eye, foreign body sensation, hyperemia, hypersensitivity, keratitis, lid edema, pain and ocular pruritus Pregnancy category C |
| oxybutynin | Urinary anti-spasmodic. Labeled uses: bladder instability (urgency, frequency, urinary leakage, urge incontinence, dysuria) SE: constipation, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, pruritus, urinary retention CI: narrow-angle glaucoma, gastric/urinary retention Pregnancy category B |
| paroxetine | SSRI. Paxil. |
| pentoxifylline | Xanthine derivative. Peripheral Vascular dz, intermitten claudication cerebrovascualr dos. reduces viscosity. "Phyllin your arteries with blood, not plaque" ciproflaxacin can increase AEs: N/V, dizziness, HA flushig, agitation, sleep disturbances, thrombocytopenia, intrahepetic cholestasis. |
| pilocarpine | Glaucoma. Parasympathomimetic. Labeled uses: dry mouth from Sjogren’s or chemotherapy (salivary gland hypofunction caused by radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck); glaucoma, ocular hypertension SE: asthenia, dizziness, nausea, urinary frequency, headache, rhinitis, chills, diaphoresis, flushing, diarrhea, lacrimation, vomiting CI: uncontrolled asthma, angle closure glaucoma Pregnancy category C |
| prednisolone | |
| procaine | |
| promethazine | 1st generaton anti histamine. |
| quetiapine | MoA unknown Used for schizophrenia, mania, irritability in autism (risperidone); schizophrenia, mania (quetiapine); schizophrenia, mania/mixed episodes in bipolar I, adjunct for MDD, Tourette’s, irritability in autism (aripiprazole) SE: anticholinergic symptoms, sedation, weight gain; mild extrapyramidal symptoms, QT prolongation; tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; dyslipidemia, dysglycemia; compulsive urges (aripiprazole); increased suicide risk WARNING: increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis Pregnancy category C |
| ramipril | ACEI |
| rifaximin | antibiotic used to treat traveler's diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy. develop resistance if used in the past |
| rivaroxaban | Anti-coagulant. Factor Xa inactivator. |
| scopolamine | Anti-emetic (anti-cholinergic). Labeled uses: nausea and vomiting due to motion sickness, post-surgery SE: drowsiness and xerostomia CI: angle closure glaucoma Pregnancy category C |
| simvastatin | HMG CoA reductase inhibitor |
| solifenacin | Anti-cholinergic urinary anti-spasmodic. Labeled uses: bladder instability (urgency, frequency, urinary leakage, urge incontinence, dysuria) SE: constipation, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, pruritus, urinary retention CI: narrow-angle glaucoma, gastric/urinary retention Pregnancy category C (oxybutynin is category B) |
| somatropin | Endocrine: Pituitary: Growth hormone agonist. For Dwarfism. |
| sulfacetamide | Topical ocular anti-bacterial. Bacteriostatic sulfonamide Uses: conjunctivitis and other superficial ocular infections Pregnancy category C Also used topically (different formulation) for acne and seborrheic dermatitis |
| tacrolimus | Immune suppressant: organ transplantation. |
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| thalidomide | Immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic characteristics; immunologic effects may vary based on conditions Uses: leprosy; multiple myeloma (in conjunction with dexamethasone) Pregnancy category X (next slide!) |
| timolol | Beta blocker. MoA not clearly established at this time. Labeled uses: elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma CI: bronchial asthma, COPD, sinus bradycardia, 2nd/3rd degree AV block, overt cardiac failure Warning: systemic absorption (SE same as with oral beta-blockers) Pregnancy category C |
| tiotropium | Anti-cholinergic bronchodilator and inhaler for bronchitis and emphysema. Not for acute use. Asthma. Related to atropine. AE: Dry mouth, metallic taste, urinary retention, constipation, palpitation, allergy |
| tizanidine | Muscle relaxant. Use: Spasticity. Avoid abrupt withdrawal – not recommended for pregnancy; Xerostomia, somnolence, asthenia, dizziness, hypotension, bradycardia, UTI, infection, constipation, ALT, AST elevated, V, speech disturbance, urinary freq, blurred vision, flu syndrome, hallucinations, spasiticy/tone increase |
| topiramate | Epilepsy and Migraines. MoA unknown Uses: epilepsy, migraines SE: Acute Myopia and Secondary Angle Closure; Visual Field Defects; Oligohidrosis and Hyperthermia; Metabolic Acidosis; Suicidal Behavior and Ideation; Cognitive/Neuropsychiatric Adverse Reactions; Fetal Toxicity; Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP); Hyperammonemia and Encephalopathy (Without and With Concomitant Valproic Acid [VPA] Use; Kidney Stones; Hypothermia with Concomitant Valproic Acid (VPA) Use; Paresthesia Pregnancy category D |
| tramadol | , Ultam (NE and serotonin reuptake inhibitor) MoA not understood), μ-opioid receptors, All are class II controlled substances except codeine when used in combination, loperamide (otc antidiarrheal—acts on myenteric plexus of colon, rather than CNS), and dextromethorphan. Used for moderate to severe pain Available IV, PO, patch |
| tretinoin | Acne. (retinoid) |
| triamterene | potassium sparing diuretic on distal tubules. hyperkalemia, N/V, diarrhea, may turn urine blue |
| ursodeoxycholic acid | Cholelithiasis. Gallstone solubilizing agent: Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodiol), Actigall Labeled uses: primary biliary cirrhosis SE: back pain, arthralgia, alopecia, arthritis, pharyngitis CI: biliary obstruction Pregnancy category B |
| valproate (divalproex) | Anti-seizure. Black Box warning for hepatotoxicity. Do not use in those with LV dz or in children. |
| vancomycin | Abx. Glycopeptide. |
| verapamil | Calcium channel blocker; Angina htn Const, hypotension, dizzy, edema, N, CHF; Increased levels w Ceimetidine |
| vitamin K1 | Constipation, hypotension, dizziness, edema, nausea, CHF |
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