Nutrition Exam #1
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2016-09-15 01:51
Section
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define nutrition | the science that links food to health and disease |
| top cause of death in US | Heart Disease |
| top percentage of food intake in American Diet? | refined sugar and carbs |
| What % of kids diets one from added sugars and unhealthy fats? | 40% |
| In 2014, what % of US adults 20+ are overweight or obese? | 68.8% |
| What % of Americans have a "phytonutrient gap"? | 80% |
| what color of phytonutrient foods do Americans lack the most? | white |
| What is the recommended servings of fruit and vegetables compared to what Americans actually eat? | 5-9, but actually eat 3.5 |
| What is hidden hunger? | high caloric consumption, but low micronutrient density |
| What sets the stage for disease? | metabolic disruptions |
| Healthy People 2020 doing? | Holistic approach to determinants of health defined within 5 categories |
| Define nutrients | what our body requires for healthy functioning |
| Essential nutrients | need to be present in the food we eat because we cannot make them through metabolism |
| what are the six classes of nutrients? | carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water |
| what is adequacy? | energy + nutrients |
| what is variety? | including different food groups |
| What are the ABCDEs? | Used for measuring nutrition states: Anthropometrics (height, weight, skin folds, body circumference); Biochemical assessment (nutrients levels); Clinical assessment (physical appearance); dietary assessment (food/drink journals); Environmental assessment (socioeconomic factors) |
| BMI not always accurate, why? | does not take muscle mass into consideration |
| What is a DRI? | Dietary reference intakes, values for healthy people that include age and gender plus pregnancy and lactation, averaged over several days |
| What does RDA stand for? | Recommended dietary allowance |
| What does ERR stand for? | Estimated Energy Requirement |
| What does UL stand for? | tolerable upper intake level, which is the max level of a nutrient, MOST IMPORTANT! |
| What are the standards for Daily Values? | 4 years+, based on 2000 calorie diet, represent max rather than goals! |
| What are the parts of the NCNM, Food as medicine plate? | protein, healthy fats, fruit, water, GF whole grains, and half is veggies |
| How is the ingredient list organized? | in descending order by WEIGHT |
| What are the main parts of an atom? | nucleus (neutrons and protons), electrons (up to 2 closest to nucleus and up to 8 in secure shells, form molecules by completing shells) |
| Free radical is? | a molecule, atom, or ion with one or more unpaired electrons or incomplete shells, NOT happy! |
| Free radical damage? | can lead to aging and disease, but are neutralized by antioxidants (phytonutrients) |
| Lipids are hydrophilic or hydrophobic? | hydrophobic |
| Phospholipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic? | both, form that membrane of a cell!!!! |
| Carbs hydrophilic or hydrophobic? | hydrophilic |
| Proteins hydrophobic or hydrophilic? | can be both, made up of amino acids |
| What does cholesterol do for the cell? | stabilizes the membrane |
| What makes the energy in the cell? | mitochondria, makes the ATP |
| What makes protein from RNA? | ribosomes |
| What makes lipids, detoxifies drugs, stores calcium inside muscle cells? | smooth ER |
| What makes proteins that enter the Golgi complex? | Rough ER |
| What does the Golgi do? | modifies, sorts, and packages proteins, lipids, and carbs for cell secretion or use within the cell |
| What do lysosomes do? | digestive enzymes |
| What do peroxisomes do? | detoxify harmful molecules such as alcohol |
| What type of metabolism breaks down complex molecules into smaller ones, provides ATP? | catabolism |
| Process of food-->energy? | food digested by enzymes in stomach and small intestine-->digested molecules enter small intestine-->molecules go to blood where they are transported to all cells of the body-->blood cells make these into ATP |
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