Nervous system
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2017-07-31 20:11
Section
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| neurons | not mitotic, send and receive signals |
| neuroglia | glial cells |
| neruoglia functions | highly mitotic, support and protect neurons, carry nutrients |
| cns | brain and spinal cord |
| pns | spinal nerves and cranial nerves |
| cns function | receives sensory information from sensory receptors |
| pns function | deliver sensory information back to cns, carry motor commands to pns and tissues |
| nerves in pns | collection of axons, spinal nerves, cranial nerves |
| afferent division | sensory information, carries from receptors back to cns |
| efferent division | motor commands, cns to pns muscle and glands |
| receptors | detect change or respond to stimuli, response to change in environment |
| effectors | muscle fibers or glandular cells |
| types of effectors | somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system |
| somatic nervous system | controls voluntary and involuntary skeletal muscle contraction |
| autonomic nervous system | contractions of cardiac, smooth, or glandular secretion |
| sympathetic dvision | increase heart rate in stress situations |
| parasympathetic division | lowers cardiac rate, lower blood pressure, bronchoconstricts, lowers digestive activity |
| multipolar neurons | cell body, dendrite, axon |
| neuron cell body | large nucleus, perikaryon, mitochondria, rough er |
| mitochondria | produce atp |
| rough er | produce neurotransmitters |
| cytoskeleton | neurofilaments and neurotubules in place of microfilaments and microtubules, nissel bodies |
| dendrites | carry impulses towards cell body, receives impulses |
| axon | long, nerve is a bundle of axons, carries action potential away from body |
| action potential | negative charge |
| teleodendria | fine divisions |
| end of telodendria | synaptic end bulbs |
| synaptic end bulbs | releases neurotransmitter |
| neurofilaments | cytoskeletal structures of the neuron |
| synapse | area of communication with another cell |
| presynaptic cell | neuron sends message |
| postsynaptic cell | cell that receives message |
| synaptic cleft | membrane between the pre and post synaptic cells |
| synaptic terminal | contains synaptic vesicles of neurotransmitters |
| neurotransmitters | chemical messengers, released by presynaptic membrane, affect receptors of post synaptic cells, broken down by enzymes |
| neurotransmitter junction | synapase between neuron and muscle |
| neuroglandular junction | synapse between neuron and gland |
| sensory neurons | afferent neurons of pns |
| motor neurons | efferent neurons of pns |
| interneurons | association neurons, vast majority of neurons in the body |
| interocepters | monitor internal systems, ex: digestive, cardiovascular, taste, pain, pressure) |
| exteroceptors | external sense (touch and temp) distance senses (sight, smell, hearing) |
| proprioceptors | monitor position and movement (ex: skeletal muscle and joints) |
| where are interneurons found | brain, spinal cord, and autonomic ganglia |
| 4 types of neuroglia in cns | ependymal, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia |
| ependymal cells | produce cerebral spinal fluid |
| astrocytes | create physical defense to brain, produce blood brain barrier |
| oligodendrocytes | produce myelin |
| microglia | produce phagosidic cells |
| myelination | increases the speed of action potential |
| myelin | insulated myelinated axons |
| white matter | myelinated |
| grey matter | unmyelinated |
| types of neuroglia in pns | ganglia, satelitte cells, schwann cells |
| ganglia | collection of nerve cell bodies |
| satelitte cells | amphicytes, surround the ganglia |
| schwann cells | form myelination |
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