kshinsky's
version from
2017-07-30 17:19
Section 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|
| joint structure | as strength increases, mobility decreases, determines ROM |
| two classifications of joints | functional, structural |
| functional joints | synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis |
| structural joints | bony, fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
| synarthrosis | sutures in skull, gumphosis, synchondrosis, synosthosis |
| amphiarthrosis | syndesmosis, symphysis |
| diarthrosis | monaxial, biaxial, triaxial |
| monaxial | elbow and knee |
| biaxial | wrist |
| triaxial | hip and knee |
| memorize |
Section 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|
| articular cartilage | found in synovial joints and articular capsules, surfaces lubricated by synovial fluid |
| synovial fluid | proteoglycans secreted by fibroblasts |
| synovial fluid functions | lubrication, shock absorption, nutrients |
| accessory structures | cartilages, fat pads, ligaments, tendons, bursae |
| meniscus | fibrocartilage found in knee, allows stable movement of knee |
| fat pads | outside of joint capsule, provide protection |
| ligaments | connect one bone to another |
| sprain | torn collagen fibers in ligaments |
| tendons | connect muscle to bone, stabilize the joint, align the joint |
| bursae | pockets of synovial fluid, where tendons and ligaments rub |
| factors that stabilized synovial joints | limiting ROM by collagen fibers, meniscus, fat pads, muscles, tendons |
| dislocation | complete misalignment |
| subluxation | partial dislocation |
| memorize |
Section 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|
| movements | linear, angular, rotation |
| planes of motion | monaxial, diaxial, triaxial, gliding |
| angular movement | flexion, extension, hypertensions |
| fleixon | reduce angle |
| extension | increase angle |
| hyperextension | abnormal degree of extension |
| abduction | away from the body |
| adduction | towards the body |
| cicumduction | circullar motion without roation, ex hip and shoulder |
| pronation | rotation of forearm, palms posterior |
| supination | forearm anatomical position |
| inversion | twisting the foot medially |
| eversion | twisting the foot laterally |
| dorisflexion | lifting toes, moving foot upward |
| plantar flexion | pointing toes, moving foot downward |
| opposition | thumb moving towards fingers/palm |
| reoppostion | thumb moving away from fingers/palm |
| protraction | mandible pushing foward |
| retraction | mandible pulling back |
| elevation | mandible upward |
| depression | mandible downward |
| lateral flexion | bends vertebral column from side to side |
| functional classification of synovial joints | gliding, hinge, condylar joint, saddle, pivot, ball and socket |
| gliding | monaxial movement, between carpal bones |
| hinge | monaxial, ex elbow and knee |
| condylar joint | biaxial, ex: occipital condyle and atlas |
| saddle | biaxial, two concave surfaces ex: 1st metacarpal joint and triapheum |
| pivot | monaxial rotation, ex: c2 |
| ball and socket | triaxial, ex: hip and shoulder |
| memorize |
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