kshinsky's
version from
2017-07-30 17:19
Section 1
Question | Answer |
joint structure | as strength increases, mobility decreases, determines ROM |
two classifications of joints | functional, structural |
functional joints | synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis |
structural joints | bony, fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
synarthrosis | sutures in skull, gumphosis, synchondrosis, synosthosis |
amphiarthrosis | syndesmosis, symphysis |
diarthrosis | monaxial, biaxial, triaxial |
monaxial | elbow and knee |
biaxial | wrist |
triaxial | hip and knee |
| memorize |
Section 2
Question | Answer |
articular cartilage | found in synovial joints and articular capsules, surfaces lubricated by synovial fluid |
synovial fluid | proteoglycans secreted by fibroblasts |
synovial fluid functions | lubrication, shock absorption, nutrients |
accessory structures | cartilages, fat pads, ligaments, tendons, bursae |
meniscus | fibrocartilage found in knee, allows stable movement of knee |
fat pads | outside of joint capsule, provide protection |
ligaments | connect one bone to another |
sprain | torn collagen fibers in ligaments |
tendons | connect muscle to bone, stabilize the joint, align the joint |
bursae | pockets of synovial fluid, where tendons and ligaments rub |
factors that stabilized synovial joints | limiting ROM by collagen fibers, meniscus, fat pads, muscles, tendons |
dislocation | complete misalignment |
subluxation | partial dislocation |
| memorize |
Section 3
Question | Answer |
movements | linear, angular, rotation |
planes of motion | monaxial, diaxial, triaxial, gliding |
angular movement | flexion, extension, hypertensions |
fleixon | reduce angle |
extension | increase angle |
hyperextension | abnormal degree of extension |
abduction | away from the body |
adduction | towards the body |
cicumduction | circullar motion without roation, ex hip and shoulder |
pronation | rotation of forearm, palms posterior |
supination | forearm anatomical position |
inversion | twisting the foot medially |
eversion | twisting the foot laterally |
dorisflexion | lifting toes, moving foot upward |
plantar flexion | pointing toes, moving foot downward |
opposition | thumb moving towards fingers/palm |
reoppostion | thumb moving away from fingers/palm |
protraction | mandible pushing foward |
retraction | mandible pulling back |
elevation | mandible upward |
depression | mandible downward |
lateral flexion | bends vertebral column from side to side |
functional classification of synovial joints | gliding, hinge, condylar joint, saddle, pivot, ball and socket |
gliding | monaxial movement, between carpal bones |
hinge | monaxial, ex elbow and knee |
condylar joint | biaxial, ex: occipital condyle and atlas |
saddle | biaxial, two concave surfaces ex: 1st metacarpal joint and triapheum |
pivot | monaxial rotation, ex: c2 |
ball and socket | triaxial, ex: hip and shoulder |
| memorize |
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