Functional Anatomy-Lower Limb Exam
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2016-07-21 03:20
Section
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Spine curves... | lordosis of cervical and lumbar; kyphosis of thoracic and sacrum |
| coxa vara | decreased angle of inclination of femur, causes mild shortening of limb and can limit passive abduction |
| coxa valga | increased angle of inclination of femur |
| sacroiliac joint | strong, slight gliding and rotation; has anterior synovial joint and posterior syndesmosis, limited mobility |
| 2 main ligaments of pubic girdle | sacrotuberous (goes from ilium/sacrum to ischial tuberosity, forms sciatic foramen, anchor sacrum and prevents rotation), sacrospinous (from sacrum to ischial spine, form greater and lesser sciatic foreman) |
| elements that go through greater sciatic foramen | superior gluteal vessels and nerve, inferior gluteal vessels and nerve, inferior pudendal vessels and nerve, sciatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, nerve to obturator internus and quadratus femoris |
| elements that go through lesser sciatic foramen | pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels, obturator internus, nerve to obturator internus |
| primary thigh flexor | iliopsoas |
| primary/strongest dorsiflexor | tibialis anterior |
| superior gluteal nerve injury | weak medial rotation, pelvis of non-weight bearing leg drops (swing out gait) |
| common fibular nerve injury | foot drop (swing out gait) |
| contents of femoral triangle | femoral nerve, artery, vein, some lymph nodes, saphenous nerve |
| oblique popliteal ligament | collateral ligament in knee; expansion of semimembranosus; acts as posterior reinforcement |
| arcuate popliteal ligament | collateral ligament in knee; strengthens capsule posterolaterally |
| anterior cruciate ligament | weaker, anterior intercondyle of tibia to posterior lateral condyle of femur, prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia and hyperextension of knee; when knee flexed, prevents tibia from going forward |
| posterior cruciate ligament | stronger than ACL, prevents hyperflexion and tibia going posteriorly |
| transverse ligament | in knee, joins anterior edges of menisci |
| medial ligament of ankle | deltoid ligament; strong; has 4 parts, stabilizes during eversion |
| contents of popliteal fossa | termination of small saphenous v, popliteal artery and vein, common fibular and tibial nerve, posterior cutaneous femoral nerve, lymph nodes |
| workhorse of plantarflexion | soleus muscle |
| contents of adductor canal | saphenous nerve, femoral v. and a. |
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