Equine Skull 2
rename
sihirlifil's
version from
2017-12-05 21:23
Part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Radiographic signs of periapical infection (tooth root abscess) | Loss of lamina dura Lysis of periapical bone Widening of periodontal space Sclerosis of adjacent alveolar bone Plump/blunted appearance of affected tooth root(s), sometimes associated framents +/- associated granuloma formation in sinus/around tooth roots, may mineralize +/- sinusitis **Mandibular tooth root abscess may lead to formation of sinus with purulent discharge** Associated with infundibular necrosis |
What’s going on with these 2 rads? | Left side: Periapical infection of M1: mineralized granulation tissue in adjacent maxillary sinus Right side: NORMAL! Need oblique projections of maxillary arcades to differentiate sides |
| Mandibular tooth root abscesses often present how? | Discharging sinus with marked palisading periosteal reaction along the cortex of ramus |
 | Mandibular tooth root abscess with draining tract & palisading periosteal proliferation along it |
Dx? ** = ? (R maxilla oblique) | Maxillary periapical infection ** = Blunted tooth root contour (possibly fragment) Shortened, widened periodontal space Interrupted lamina dura Sclerosis of surrounding alveolar bone |
Dx? ** = ? ((CT transverse @ M1) | Maxillary periapical infection ** = thickening of R maxillary bone |
| Features of periapical infection on CT? | Interrupted lamina dura Widened periodontal space, filled with ST-attenuating material Widened pulp cavity Maxillary sinus filled with ST-attenuating material Thickening of maxillary bone |
What’s going on here? | Proliferation of mucosal lining in maxillary periapical infection Not just fluid! (Left side normal) |
| Scintigraphy: what do hot areas represent? | Alveolar bone (teeth appear as bright areas without uptake) |
| Dentigerous cyst aka? | Dental ectopia Heterotopic polydontia Dental teratoma Ear tooth |
Wtf?? | Dentigerous cyst Development of dental material in an abnormal location, usually around base of ear (usually young) +/- associated discharging fistulous tract Can be sx removed if problem |
 | Dentigerous cyst (arrow = dental material) |
Problem? possible complications? | Root fracture Gas inclusion, ST attenuating tissue in maxillary sinus --> Tooth root abscess |
What kind of image is this? * = ? @ = ? | Sagittal reconstruction of maxillary cheek teeth (old horse) Maxillary sinusitis * = ST-attenuating material in rostral maxillary sinus @ = Air-filled caudal maxillary sinus |
 | Wave mouth (severe, old horse) |
Structure? | TMJ |
| How else can the TMJ radiographed? | Special tangential projection |
US of the TMJ: label dis | T = temporal bone M = mandible D = discus P = parotid gland Tranducer positions:  |
| Best method of imaging TMJ? | CT! |
| What is temporohyoid osteoarthopathy? | Bony proliferation at the level of the jxn of the stylohyoid bone with the petrous temporal bone Fusion & traumatic fracture may occur |
| Best method of imaging temporohyoud osteoarthopathy? | CT ALSO BEST FOR TMJ! |
 | Temporohyoid ostoarthropathy Thickening of styloid bone on left side, envelop temporo-hyoid articulation |
| How are the ears imaged? | Tympanic bulla partially imaged radiographically Middle & inner ear: CT/MRI methods of choice |
What is PTB? Arrows? (CT transverse bone window) | Petrous temporal bone Arrows = tympanic bullae |
What structure? (CT transverse) | Guttural pouches |
What’s going on? | Abnormal fluid in the guttural pouch Pus: eroding retropharyngeal abscess Hge: Erosion of internal carotids (fungal- aspergillosis; trauma- skull frax) |
 | Guttural pouch tympany Abnormal gas distention, causing compression of pharynx |
 | Chondroids Inflammatory debris after chronic empyema |
 | Chondroids |
| How are the eyes imaged? | Ultrasound useful for eyes & adnexa A & P chambers, lens, ciliary apparatus: linear freq transducer Transpalpebral & direct corneal techniques: LA & sedation Retrobulbar space |
Arrows? | Mass in anterior chamber of left eye. NORMAL right eye |
| Most common location for neoplasia in horses = | HEAD! |
| Types of tumors | SCC OsteoSA Melanoma Dental tumors (adamantinoma, ameloblastoma, ameloblastic odontoma) Odontoma/Cementoma Osteomas AdenoCA |
| Appearance of adamantinoma (dental tumor)? | Foamy ST opacity |
| Appearance of ameloblastoma (dental tumor)? | Radiolucent/ST opacity Internally divided |
| Appearance of ameloblastic odontoma (dental tumor)? | Derived from enamal organ (embryolocial tooth precursor) Mostly dental opacity YOUNG horses |
| Osteoma: how does it behave? looks like? | Benign, slow growth, may become very large Smooth outline, bone opacity |
| Adenocarcinoma: where do they occur? in who? behavior? | Frontal sinus & nasal cavity of OLDER horses Very destructive, rapid growth |
