EMT Neurologic Emergencies Quiz
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gelliebeen's
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2012-04-09 19:50
Section
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the | cerebellum |
| A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. As your partner is applying oxygen, it is MOST important for you to | ask his wife when she noticed the symptoms |
| The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the | brain stem |
| What Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score would you assign to a patient who responds to painful stimuli, uses inappropriate words, and flexes his or her arms in response to pain? | 8 |
| A patient without a history of seizures experiences a sudden convulsion. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is | epilepsy |
| You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, and is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth. You should | suction her oropharynx and apply 100% oxygen |
| The mental status of a patient who has experienced a typical seizure | is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes. |
| A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when | the normal body processes destroy a clot in a cerebral artery |
| You are transporting a semiconscious patient to the hospital. En route, you note that the patient's mental status is not improving, despite 100% supplemental oxygen. You should suspect that this patient | is hypoglycemic |
| Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke? a) Acute atherosclerotic disease b) Narrowing of a carotid artery c) Rupture of a cerebral artery d) Blockage of a cerebral artery | d) Blockage of a cerebral artery |
| When transporting a stable stroke patient with unilateral hemiparalysis, it is best to place the patient in a | recumbent position with the paralyzed side down |
| Which of the following is NOT an assessment parameter included in the Cincinnati Stroke Scale? a) Memory b) Arm drift c) Facial droop d) Speech | a) Memory |
| A patient with an altered mental status is | not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused |
| The principle clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia | usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness |
| During the initial assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should | ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed. |
| When caring for a child with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for | a seizure |
| A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing | dysarthria |
| Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether or not | clot-buster therapy is given within 2 to 3 hours of symptom onset |
| Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of seizures? a) Acute alcohol withdrawal b) Severe hypovolemia c) Acute hypoglycemia d) Poisoning or overdose | b) Severe hypovolemia |
| You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your initial assessment reveals that the patient is pulseless and apneic. You should | initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible. |
| You arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. Your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. The patient's girlfriend tells you that he has a history of seizures and takes Tegretol. When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to | obtain a description of how the seizure developed |
| During the initial assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should | ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed |
| Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain? a) Blocked cerebral artery in the frontal lobe b) Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest c) Reduced blood supply to the left hemisphere d) Ruptured cerebral artery in the occipital lobe | b) Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest |
| You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should | transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route. |
| Which of the following MOST accurately describes the postictal state that follows a seizure? a) Rapidly improving level of consciousness b) Dazed, confused, or combative appearance c) Hyperventilation and hypersalivation d) Gradually decreasing level of consciousness | b) Dazed, confused, or combative appearance |
| An absence seizure is also referred to as a | petite mal seizure |
| You are caring for a conscious, confused patient with left-sided hemiparalysis. His airway is patent and his respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. Treatment for this patient should include | oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, left lateral recumbent position, and transport. |
| A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she | has bleeding within the brain |
| Which of the following conditions would MOST likely mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? a) Alcohol intoxication b) Acute poisoning c) Hypoglycemia d) High fever | c) Hypoglycemia |
| An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is called | aneurysm |
| You receive a call to a residence, where a neighbor has found the resident, a 40-year-old female, semiconscious on her living room floor. During your assessment, you discover a bottle of Dilantin on a nearby table. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient | is postictal following a seizure. |
| Which of the following medications is NOT used to treat patients with a history of seizures? a) Tegretol b) Dilantin c) Dilaudid d) Phenobarbital | c) Dilaudid |
| Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT: a) a thrombus b) cerebral vasodilation c) an acute arterial rupture d) an embolism | b) cerebral vasodilation |
| Which of the following MOST accurately describes a focal seizure? a) A seizure that begins in one extremity b) Generalized seizures without incontinence c) A seizure that is not preceded by an aura d) A blank stare without muscle contractions | a) A seizure that begins in one extremity |
| Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the | liver |
| The spinal cord exits the cranium through the | foramen magnum |
| A patient who is experiencing receptive aphasia is | able to speak clearly but has difficulty understanding. |
| Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection or fever? (Needs options) | A 17-year-old male with depression and anxiety |
| The three major parts of the brain are the | cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem |
| Status epilepticus is characterized by | prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness |
| The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is | hypertension |
| Which of the following clinical signs would be MOST suggestive of a ruptured cerebral artery? a) Unilateral hemiparesis b) Nasal discharge of blood c) Confusion and weakness d) Sudden, severe headache | d) Sudden, severe headache |
| Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? a) Postictal state b) Hypoglycemia c) Intracranial bleeding d) Hypovolemia | d) Hypovolemia |
| The left cerebral hemisphere controls | the right side of the body |
| When assessing arm movement of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should | ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment. |
| A 35-year-old mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the right upper quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. The MOST likely cause of her pain is | cholecystitis |
| The MOST appropriate treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock includes | transporting the patient without delay |
| Febrile seizures | are usually benign but should be evaluated |
| A generalized seizure is characterized by: | severe twitching of all the body's muscles |
| When obtaining medical history information from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine: | when the patient last appeared normal. |
| Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT: a) a thrombus b) cerebral vasodilation c) an acute arterial rupture d) an embolism | b) cerebral vasodilation |
| Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure? a) Brain tumor b) Massive stroke c) Poisoning d) Head trauma | c) Poisoning |
| Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection or fever? a) An 88-year-old male with chronic renal problems b) A 17-year-old male with depression and anxiety c) A 3-month-old female who was born prematurely d) A 35-year-old female in the later stages of AIDS | Don't know (Not d) |
| The anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls: | emotion |
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