| Question | Answer |
|---|
| Bleeding from the nose following head trauma: | is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped. |
| Hypoperfusion is another name for: | shock |
| A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should: | control the bleeding with direct pressure |
| The systemic veins function by: | returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart |
| After applying a dressing to an arterial bleed from a patient's arm, you notice that the dressing quickly becomes soaked with blood. You should: | place additional dressings over the wound |
| The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the: | arterioles |
| A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has reduce tidal volume breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the bleeding, your partner should: | assist the patient's ventilations |
| What is the approximate blood volume of a 75kg adult? | 5.25L |
| Perfusion is most accurately described as the: | circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs. |
| In which of the following situations would external bleeding be most difficult to control? a) Femoral artery laceration and a BP of 140/90 mm Hg b) Carotid artery laceration and a systolic BP of 60 mm Hg c) Antecubital vein laceration and a BP of 138/92 mm Hg d) Jugular vein laceration and a systolic BP of 90 mm Hg | a) Femoral artery laceration and a BP of 140/90 mm Hg |
| As red blood cells begin to clump together and form a clot, _____ reinforces the clumped red blood cells. | Fibrinogen |
| Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is most correct? a) Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets b) Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously c) Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia d) Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting | b) Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously |
| Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for up to 2 hours? a) Muscles b) Brain c) Kidneys d) Heart | a) Muscles |
| A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should: | take appropriate BSI precautions |
| Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the: | ability of the blood to effectively clot |
| You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that: | the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration |
| A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His BP is 190/110 mmHg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes: | pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward |
| During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should: | repeat the initial assessment |
| The pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) would MOST likely be effective in: | controlling severe external bleeding associated with pelvic fractures |
| Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is MOST correct? a) Direct contact with the environment prevents blood from clotting b) Venous and capillary blood typically does not clot spontaneously c) Bleeding begins to clot when the end of a damaged vessel dilates d) A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting time | d) A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting time |
| External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because: | Veins are under a lower pressure |
| An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock after what amount of blood loss? | 100 to 220 mL |
| The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to: | How rapidly he or she bleeds |
| Which of the following body systems or components is LEAST important for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body? a) An intact system of blood vessels b) An effectively pumping heart c) Filtering of blood cells in the spleen d) Adequate blood in the vasculature | c) Filtering of the blood cells in the spleen |
| Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the: | Spleen |
| An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: | body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F |
| Almost all cases of external bleeding to an extremity can be controlled by: | applying local direct pressure |
| The severity of internal bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: a) clinical signs and symptoms b) poor general appearance c) the mechanism of injury d) systolic blood pressure | d) systolic blood pressure |
| Hypovolemic shock occurs when: | the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss |
| A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an attack by a gang. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: | Preparing for immediate transport |
| A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: | gastrointestinal bleeding |
| Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with severe external bleeding? a) Vacuum splint b) Sling and swathe c) Cardboard splint d) Air splint | d) Air splint |
| When using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the EMT-B should: | stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops. |
| If used, the EMT-B should inflate the PASG: | until the Velcro begins to crackle. |
| Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses greater than ____ percent of his or her total blood volume. | 20 |
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2012-06-24 17:14
