Drug Review

Summary

Memorize drugs related to each organ system of the human body.

Sections include

Cardiovascular

Drug name (memorize)	Drug type, mechanism (memorize)
hydrochlorothiazide	antihypertensive, thiazide diuretic
clonidine	antihypertensive, sympathoplegic
methyldopa	antihypertensive, sympathoplegic
hexamethonium	antihypertensive, sympathoplegic
reserpine	antihypertensive, sympathoplegic
Guanethidine	antihypertensive, sympathoplegic
Prazosin	antihypertensive, sympathoplegic
Beta blockers	antihypertensive, sympathoplegic
Hydralazine	vasodilator
Minoxidil	vasodilator
Nifedipine	vasodilator, calcium channel blocker
Nitroprusside	vasodilator
Captopril	ACE inhibitor
Losartan	ARB
Nitroglycerin	vasodilator, release NO
Isorbide dinitrate	vasodilator, release NO
Digoxin	cardiac glycoside, inhibit N/K ATPase
Quinidine	antiarrhthmic, Na channel blocker (class 1a-slows/blocks conduction)
Amiodarone	antiarrhthmic, Na channel blocker (class 1a-slows/blocks conduction)
Procainamide	antiarrhthmic, Na channel blocker (class 1a-slows/blocks conduction)
Disopyramide	antiarrhthmic, Na channel blocker (class 1a-slows/blocks conduction)
Lidocaine	antiarrhthmic, Na channel blocker (class 1b-slows/blocks conduction)
Mexiletine	antiarrhthmic, Na channel blocker (class 1b-slows/blocks conduction)
Tocainide	antiarrhthmic, Na channel blocker (class 1b-slows/blocks conduction)
Flecainide	antiarrhthmic, Na channel blocker (class 1c-slows/blocks conduction)
Encainide	antiarrhthmic, Na channel blocker (class 1c-slows/blocks conduction)
Propafenone	antiarrhthmic, Na channel blocker (class 1c-slows/blocks conduction)
Propranolol	class 2 antiarrhythmic, beta blocker
Esmolol	class 2 antiarrhythmic, beta blocker
Metoprolol	class 2 antiarrhythmic, beta blocker
Atenolol	class 2 antiarrhythmic, beta blocker
Timolol	class 2 antiarrhythmic, beta blocker
Sotalol	class 3 antiarrhythmic, K channel blocker
Ibutilide	class 3 antiarrhythmic, K channel blocker
Bretylium	class 3 antiarrhythmic, K channel blocker
Amiodarone	class 3 antiarrhythmic, K channel blocker
Verapamil	class 4 antiarrhythmic, Ca channel blocker
Diltiazem	class 4 antiarrhythmic, Ca channel blocker
Amlodipine	Ca channel blocker

Endocrine

Drug Name (memorize)	Drug type, mechanism (memorize)
Insulin	for type 1 diabetes, binds insulin receptor, toxicity: hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity reaction
Lispro	insulin, short acting
NPH	insulin, intermediate acting
Lente	insulin, long acting
Ultralente	insulin, long acting
Sulfonylureas	type 2 diabetes, trigger insulin release via Ca influx
Tolbutamide	first gen sulfonylurea
Chlorpropamide	first gen sulfonylurea
Toxicity of first gen sulfonylureas	disulfiram like effect
Toxicity of second gen sulfonylureas	hypoglycemia
Glyburide	second generation sulfonylureas
Glimeperide	second generation sulfonylureas
Glipazide	second generation sulfonylureas
Metformin	a biguanide, decrease hepatic glucose synthesis
Pioglitazone	insulin sensitizer
Rosiglitazone	insulin sensitizer
Acarbose	alpha glucosidase inhibitor, decrased sugar absorption
Miglotol	alpha glucosidase inhibitor, decreased sugar absorption
Orlistat	long term obesity management, inhibit pancreatic lipase
Sibutramine	SNRI, short and long term obesity management, tox: htn, tachycardia
Propylthiouracil	for hyperthiroidism, inhibit conversion of T4 to T3
Methimazole	for hyperthiroidism, inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis
Levothyroxine	thyroid replacement
Triiodothyronine	thyroid replacement
Glucocorticoids	decreases production of prostaglandins and lekotrienes by inhibiting phospholipase A2
Hydrocortisone	glucocorticoid
Prednisone	glucocorticoid
Triamcinolone	glucocorticoid
Dexamethasone	glucocorticoid
Beclomethasone	glucocorticoid
GH used for	GH deficiency, Turner's syndrome
Octreotide used for	acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma (somatostatin analog)
Oxytocin effects	stimulates uterine contractions, milk let-down
Desmopressin/Vasopressin/ADH	for central diabetes insipidus

Gastrointestinal

Drug Name (memorize)	Drug type, mechanism (memorize)
Cimetidine	H2 blocker, decreases H+ secretion by parietal cells, inhibits P450, causes gynecomastia
Ranitidine	H2 blocker, decreases H+ secretion by parietal cells
Famotidine	H2 blocker, decreases H+ secretion by parietal cells
Nizatidine	H2 blocker, decreases H+ secretion by parietal cells
Omeprazole	PPI, inhibits Na/K ATPase in parietal cells
Lansoprazole	PPI, inhibits Na/K ATPase in parietal cells
Bismuth	binds to ulcer base, provides physical protection
Sucralfate	binds to ulcer base, provides physical protection
Misoprostol	PGE1 analog, increases production and secretion of gastric mucus barrier, decreases acid production
Pirenzepine	Muscarinic antagonist, blocks M1 receptors on ECL cells causing less histamine release; blocks M3 on parietal cells causing less acid secretion
Propantheline	Muscarinic antagonist, blocks M1 receptors on ECL cells causing less histamine release; blocks M3 on parietal cells causing less acid secretion
The Infliximab antibody	monoclonal antibody to TNF alpha, for Crohn's rheumatoid arthritis
Sulfasalazine	for Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's. Combo of antibacterial sulfapyridine and anti-inflammitory mesalamine
Ondansetron	5-HT3 antagonist, centrally acting antiemetic

Neuro and Psych

Drug Name (memorize)	Drug type, mechanism (memorize)
Bromocriptine	parkinson's, partial dopamine agonist
Pramipexole	parkinson's, partial dopamine agonist
Ropinirole	parkinson's, partial dopamine agonist
Amantadine	parkinson's, increase dopamine release
Levodopa	parkinson's, converted to dopamine in CNS
Selegiline	parkinson's, MAOi type B
Benztropine	parkinson's, antimuscarinic; improves tremor and rigidity, not bradykinesia
Sumatriptan	migraine, causes vasoconstriction, 5-HT agonist
Phenytoin	seizures, Na channel inactivation, 1st line prophylaxis for status
Carbamazapine	seizures, Na channel inactivation, 1st line for trigeminal neuralgia
Lamotrigine	seizures, blocks voltage gated Na channels
Gabapentin	for seizures and peripheral neuropathy, increase GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter)
Topiramate	seizures, blocks Na channels, increases GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter)
Phenobarbitol	seizures if pregnant, increases action of GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter)
Valproic acid	seizures, inactivates Na channels, increase GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter)
Benzodiazepines	used for anxiety, spasticity, seizures, detox, night terrors, sleepwalking; increase frequency of Cl opening thus increase GABA action
Diazepam	benzodiazepine
Lorazepam	benzodiazepine
Triazolam	benzodiazepine
Oxazepam	benzodiazepine
Chlordiazepoxide	benzodiazepine
Barbituates	facilitate GABA action by increased duration of Cl channel opening (also IV anesthetic)
Phenobarbitol	sedative, barbituate (duration of Cl)
Thiopental	sedative, anesthesia induction, barbituate (duration of Cl)
Secobarbital	sedative, barbituate (duration of Cl)

Reproductive Biology

Drug Name (memorize)	Drug type, mechanism (memorize)
Finasteride	Anti-androgen, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor
Flutamide	Anti-androgen, competitive inhibitor of androgens at the testosterone receptor
Ketoconazole	Anti-androgen, inhibits steroid synthesis, used for PCOS and hirsutism
Spirinolactone	Anti-androgen, inhibits steroid synthesis, used for PCOS and hirsutism
Sildenafil, vardenafil	E.D. treatment, causes increased levels of cGMP, sm muscle relaxation
Leuprolide	GnRH analog, antagonist when used continuously; agonist when pulsatile
Clomiphene	for infertility, partial agonist at estrogen receptors in the pituituatry gland
Mifepristone	Abortifacient (prevents implantation), competitive inhibitor of progestins at progestin receptor