Chapter 26 The World In Transition

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Section 3 "Toward a European Union"

people

Question	Answer
1. Margaret Thatcher	Great Britain’s first woman prime minister and conservative party leader who aggressively introduced free marker measures.
2. John Major	Thatcher’s successor who led a Conservative party increasingly divided over Great Britain’s ties to Europe.
3. Tony Blair	the new prime minister who moved away from Labour’s traditional socialism and favored low taxes, tightly controlled social spending, and closer ties to Europe.
4. Paddy Ashdown	saw benefits of Britain’s participation.
5. Sinn Fein	the IRA’s political wing that entered talks with British and Irish officials.
6. Francois Mitterand	France’s first Socialist president.
7. Willy Brandt	chancellor of West Germany
8. Helmut Schmidt	Willy Brandt’s successor
9. Jacques Chirac	a conservative mayor of Paris who was elected president of France.
10. Helmut Kohl	a conservative chancellor; presided over the reunification of Germany following the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe.
11. Juan Carlos I	guided Spain into a new era of democracy as the new king.
12. Felipe Gonzalez	leader of Spain’s democratic government
13. Jose Maria Aznar	Spanish voters replaced the Socialists with a conservative
14. Andreas Papandreou	brought Greece into the European Community.
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places

Question	Answer
1. Northern Ireland	the British-ruled province torn by divisions between Protestants and Catholics.
2. Cyprus	a Mediterranean island republic divided between feuding Greek and Turkish communities
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Terms

Question	Answer
1. IRA	Irish Republican Army; fought British rule by attacking British military forces and civilians in the province and in Great Britain.
2. European Community	the Common Market broadened its activities to include political and financial affairs.
3. Treaty of Maastricht	signed by The European Community in 1992; it set up the European Union; aimed to extend cooperation among members.
4. Single European Act	ended most obstacles to trade among EU members in 1993.
5. Euro Dollar	principle features of the EMU.
6. referendum	popular vote
7. Neo-Nazis	protested against immigration from southern Europe and the Middle East.
8. collective security	joint agreement by nations to protect themselves from attack.
9. EU	European Union; aimed to extend cooperation among European Community members.
10. EMU	Economic and Monetary Union; principal features will be common currency known as the Euro and central bank.
11. The Channel Tunnel	linked the island country to mainland Europe after Great Britain and France had be separated for thousands of years by the English Channel.
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Section 4 "National and Ethnic Conflicts"

people

Question	Answer
1. Boris Yeltsin	Russian leader who sent Russian troops into Chechnya.
2. Alexander Lebed	Yeltsin’s aide who was sent by Yeltsin to Chechnya to work out an agreement to end the conflict.
3. Slobodan Milosevic	president of Serbia.
4. Alija Izetbegovic	president of Bosnia-Herzegovina
5. Franjo Tudjman	president of Croatia
6. Brian Mulroney	prime minister whose Conservative party came to power in 1984; tried in vain to get English-speaking Canada to accept a special status for Quebec.
7. Jean Chretien	prime minister who was a firm believer in national unity and opposed Quebec separation.
8. Zahid Olorcic	remembers how to multi-ethnic population lived in harmony.
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places

Question	Answer
1. Sarajevo	the Bosnian capital
2. Dayton	where the three presidents met in November 1995 and agreed to the partition of Bosnia into distinct Serb and Muslim-Croat areas
3. Tajikistan	Central Asia Republic that had peacekeeping forces that were backed by the CIS.
4. Chechnya	territory of the Chechens located in Southern Russia near the Caspian Sea
5. Armenia	claimed ownership of Nagorno-Karabakh; made significant advances and took control of much of the disputed territory.
6. Azerbaijan	claimed ownership of Nagorno-Karabakh; Nagorno-Karabakh lies entirely within this enclave.
7. Nagorno-Karabakh	enclave claimed by Armenia and Azerbaijan.
8. Sri Lanka	Indian Ocean Island republic that belonged to the Sinhalese and the Tamils.
9. Quebec	people of this province wanted independence from English-speaking Canada.
10. Ontario	Canada’s most populous province.
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terms

Question	Answer
1. Ethnic cleansing	the Serbs ruthlessly expelled rival ethnic groups from the areas taken by their army.
2. atrocities	cruel actions
3. embargo	a ban on trade
4. Chechens	among the ethnic groups of Russia; declared their independence from Russia in 1994.
5. enclave	a small territory entirely surrounded by another territory.
6. Ossetians	minority ethnic group that caused separatist uprisings.
7. Abkhazians	minority ethnic group that caused separatist uprisings; declared their region on independent republic in 1994.
8. Kurds	Sunni Muslims who live mostly in Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey.
9. Sinhalese	Buddhists who make up 75 percent of Sri Lanka’s population.
10. Tamils	Hindus who make up 18 percent of Sri Lanka’s population.
11. Bloc Quebecois	the Quebec separatist party.
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Section 5 “Global Interdependence”

People

Question	Answer
Neil Armstrong	American astronaut that became the first human to step on the moon's surface
Jean-Paul Sarte	French thinker that stated a viewpoint known as existentialism that became popular among intellectuals in the West
Soren Kierkegaard	Danish writer in the "Golden Age" of intellectual and artistic activity, known as the "father of existentialism"
Albert Camus	born in Algeria,representative of non-metropolitan French literature, won nobel prize
Mother Teresa	Roman Catholic nun who inspired many people with her care of the needy in the slums of Calcutta, India
Dalai Lama	Tibet's Buddhist leader
Desmond Tutu	South African Anglican archbishop who spoke out for human rights
Alfred North Whitehead	British mathematician, logician and philosopher, author of Principia Mathematica
Betrand Russell	British philosopher, logician, essayist, and social critic, known for his defense of logicism and theories of definite descriptions and logical atomism
Ludwig Wittgenstein	philosopher, wrote Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and Philosophical Investigations
Jaques Derrida	philosopher who developed a strategy called deconstruction
Pablo Picasso	Spanish painter who started cubism with his painting of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Marcel Proust	French novelist, wrote Á LA RECHERCHE DU TEMPS PERDU
James Joyce	Irish novelist who published Ulysses, a landmark in the development of the modern novel.
Robert Venturi	postmodern American architect
Andy Warhol	Contemporary artist from Pittsburgh, created Campbell's Soup Can
Harold Pinter	Nobel prizewinning playwrite, wrote The Room and The Homecoming
Samuel Beckett	Irish writer, poet, and dramatist
Eugene Ionesco	French dramatist, wrote LA CANTATRICE CHAUVE
Lucien Febvre	French historian, cofounded Annales
Mark Bloch	American conceptual artist, involved with Dada and Surrealism
Robert Gibson	American astronaut that maneuvered Atlantis
Dan Goldin	NASA chief who worked at the Russian mission control
Yuri Koptev	Dan Goldin's Russian counterpart
Frank Sietzen	wrote The Final Frontier
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Places

Question	Answer
Montreal, Canada	Delegates from 46 countries met here in 1987 to sign the Montreal Protocol
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	The Earth Summit of 1992 occured here
New York City	The Earth Summit+5 took place here in 1997
Annales School	School of history founded by Lucien Febvre and Mark Bloch, based on "économies, sociétés, et civilisations."
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Other

Question	Answer
Interdependent	reliant on each other
Developing Nations	newly industrializing countries where many of the people still follow traditional ways of life
Developed Nations	have long been industrialized and have the technology to produce a great quantity and variety of goods
Diversify	increase the variety of something
Deforestation	the widespread clearing of forests for logging or farming
Montreal Protocol	called for the reductions in the use of chemicals damaging to the earth’s atmosphere
Earth Summit	UN sponsored conference that called on nations to plan economic growth to meet present global needs without sacrificing the environmental needs of future generations.
Earth Summit+5	follow-up of the first Earth Summit conference
Space Shuttle	spacecraft with wings for controlled descent in the atmosphere, designed to transport astronauts between Earth and an orbiting space station and also used to deploy and retrieve satellites.
Sputnik	the first satellite into orbit in 1957
Internet	a massive number of computers linked together through a worldwide, high-speed, telecommunications network
Atlantis	American space shuttle docked with Mir
Mir	Russian space station
Lasers	devices that emit narrow, powerful beams of light
DNA	(deoxyribonucleic acid) led to field of genetic engineering
Genetic engineering	process that involves the alteration of cells to produce new life-forms
Existentialism	viewpoint that became popular among intellectuals in the West, said that each person is essentially alone, but free to choose his or her path in life
Sisyphus	philosophical essay by Albert Camus
Principia Mathematica	landmark work written by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, and published in three volumes, written as a defense of logicism
Deconstruction	term used in contemporary literary criticism, philosophy, and the social sciences, coined by Jacques Derrida
International Monetary Fund	set up after World War II to assist global economic development
EU	international body that was recognized for its growing importance
Microchip	the “brain” driving the computer
Association of Caribbean States	formed by countries in the Caribbean, created for same reasons as North American Free Trade Agreement and Southern Common Market
North American Free Trade Agreement	implemented by U.S., Canada, and Mexico, meant to increase trade and to coordinate economic growth among member nations
Southern Common Market	several nations in South America participated in this, similar purpose as that of North American Free Trade Agreement and Association of Caribbean States
Treaty of Maastricht	Western European nations took steps toward political unity by creating the European Union
Association of Southeast Asian Nations	said to have a powerful impact on the global economy in the future
Universal Declaration of Human Rights	most important human-rights document of the postwar years, addresses social and economic as well as political rights
	memorize

Section 3 "Toward a European Union"

people

places

Terms

Section 4 "National and Ethnic Conflicts"

people

places

terms

Section 5 “Global Interdependence”

People

Places

Other

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