Chapter 26 The World In Transition

Updated
2009-03-11 23:55
Section 3 "Toward a European Union"
people
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1. Margaret Thatcher | Great Britain’s first woman prime minister and conservative party leader who aggressively introduced free marker measures. |
2. John Major | Thatcher’s successor who led a Conservative party increasingly divided over Great Britain’s ties to Europe. |
3. Tony Blair | the new prime minister who moved away from Labour’s traditional socialism and favored low taxes, tightly controlled social spending, and closer ties to Europe. |
4. Paddy Ashdown | saw benefits of Britain’s participation. |
5. Sinn Fein | the IRA’s political wing that entered talks with British and Irish officials. |
6. Francois Mitterand | France’s first Socialist president. |
7. Willy Brandt | chancellor of West Germany |
8. Helmut Schmidt | Willy Brandt’s successor |
9. Jacques Chirac | a conservative mayor of Paris who was elected president of France. |
10. Helmut Kohl | a conservative chancellor; presided over the reunification of Germany following the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. |
11. Juan Carlos I | guided Spain into a new era of democracy as the new king. |
12. Felipe Gonzalez | leader of Spain’s democratic government |
13. Jose Maria Aznar | Spanish voters replaced the Socialists with a conservative |
14. Andreas Papandreou | brought Greece into the European Community. |
places
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1. Northern Ireland | the British-ruled province torn by divisions between Protestants and Catholics. |
2. Cyprus | a Mediterranean island republic divided between feuding Greek and Turkish communities |
Terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1. IRA | Irish Republican Army; fought British rule by attacking British military forces and civilians in the province and in Great Britain. |
2. European Community | the Common Market broadened its activities to include political and financial affairs. |
3. Treaty of Maastricht | signed by The European Community in 1992; it set up the European Union; aimed to extend cooperation among members. |
4. Single European Act | ended most obstacles to trade among EU members in 1993. |
5. Euro Dollar | principle features of the EMU. |
6. referendum | popular vote |
7. Neo-Nazis | protested against immigration from southern Europe and the Middle East. |
8. collective security | joint agreement by nations to protect themselves from attack. |
9. EU | European Union; aimed to extend cooperation among European Community members. |
10. EMU | Economic and Monetary Union; principal features will be common currency known as the Euro and central bank. |
11. The Channel Tunnel | linked the island country to mainland Europe after Great Britain and France had be separated for thousands of years by the English Channel. |
Section 4 "National and Ethnic Conflicts"
people
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1. Boris Yeltsin | Russian leader who sent Russian troops into Chechnya. |
2. Alexander Lebed | Yeltsin’s aide who was sent by Yeltsin to Chechnya to work out an agreement to end the conflict. |
3. Slobodan Milosevic | president of Serbia. |
4. Alija Izetbegovic | president of Bosnia-Herzegovina |
5. Franjo Tudjman | president of Croatia |
6. Brian Mulroney | prime minister whose Conservative party came to power in 1984; tried in vain to get English-speaking Canada to accept a special status for Quebec. |
7. Jean Chretien | prime minister who was a firm believer in national unity and opposed Quebec separation. |
8. Zahid Olorcic | remembers how to multi-ethnic population lived in harmony. |
places
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1. Sarajevo | the Bosnian capital |
2. Dayton | where the three presidents met in November 1995 and agreed to the partition of Bosnia into distinct Serb and Muslim-Croat areas |
3. Tajikistan | Central Asia Republic that had peacekeeping forces that were backed by the CIS. |
4. Chechnya | territory of the Chechens located in Southern Russia near the Caspian Sea |
5. Armenia | claimed ownership of Nagorno-Karabakh; made significant advances and took control of much of the disputed territory. |
6. Azerbaijan | claimed ownership of Nagorno-Karabakh; Nagorno-Karabakh lies entirely within this enclave. |
7. Nagorno-Karabakh | enclave claimed by Armenia and Azerbaijan. |
8. Sri Lanka | Indian Ocean Island republic that belonged to the Sinhalese and the Tamils. |
9. Quebec | people of this province wanted independence from English-speaking Canada. |
10. Ontario | Canada’s most populous province. |
terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
1. Ethnic cleansing | the Serbs ruthlessly expelled rival ethnic groups from the areas taken by their army. |
2. atrocities | cruel actions |
3. embargo | a ban on trade |
4. Chechens | among the ethnic groups of Russia; declared their independence from Russia in 1994. |
5. enclave | a small territory entirely surrounded by another territory. |
6. Ossetians | minority ethnic group that caused separatist uprisings. |
7. Abkhazians | minority ethnic group that caused separatist uprisings; declared their region on independent republic in 1994. |
8. Kurds | Sunni Muslims who live mostly in Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. |
9. Sinhalese | Buddhists who make up 75 percent of Sri Lanka’s population. |
10. Tamils | Hindus who make up 18 percent of Sri Lanka’s population. |
11. Bloc Quebecois | the Quebec separatist party. |
Section 5 “Global Interdependence”
People
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Neil Armstrong | American astronaut that became the first human to step on the moon's surface |
Jean-Paul Sarte | French thinker that stated a viewpoint known as existentialism that became popular among intellectuals in the West |
Soren Kierkegaard | Danish writer in the "Golden Age" of intellectual and artistic activity, known as the "father of existentialism" |
Albert Camus | born in Algeria,representative of non-metropolitan French literature, won nobel prize |
Mother Teresa | Roman Catholic nun who inspired many people with her care of the needy in the slums of Calcutta, India |
Dalai Lama | Tibet's Buddhist leader |
Desmond Tutu | South African Anglican archbishop who spoke out for human rights |
Alfred North Whitehead | British mathematician, logician and philosopher, author of Principia Mathematica |
Betrand Russell | British philosopher, logician, essayist, and social critic, known for his defense of logicism and theories of definite descriptions and logical atomism |
Ludwig Wittgenstein | philosopher, wrote Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and Philosophical Investigations |
Jaques Derrida | philosopher who developed a strategy called deconstruction |
Pablo Picasso | Spanish painter who started cubism with his painting of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon |
Marcel Proust | French novelist, wrote Á LA RECHERCHE DU TEMPS PERDU |
James Joyce | Irish novelist who published Ulysses, a landmark in the development of the modern novel. |
Robert Venturi | postmodern American architect |
Andy Warhol | Contemporary artist from Pittsburgh, created Campbell's Soup Can |
Harold Pinter | Nobel prizewinning playwrite, wrote The Room and The Homecoming |
Samuel Beckett | Irish writer, poet, and dramatist |
Eugene Ionesco | French dramatist, wrote LA CANTATRICE CHAUVE |
Lucien Febvre | French historian, cofounded Annales |
Mark Bloch | American conceptual artist, involved with Dada and Surrealism |
Robert Gibson | American astronaut that maneuvered Atlantis |
Dan Goldin | NASA chief who worked at the Russian mission control |
Yuri Koptev | Dan Goldin's Russian counterpart |
Frank Sietzen | wrote The Final Frontier |
Places
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Montreal, Canada | Delegates from 46 countries met here in 1987 to sign the Montreal Protocol |
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | The Earth Summit of 1992 occured here |
New York City | The Earth Summit+5 took place here in 1997 |
Annales School | School of history founded by Lucien Febvre and Mark Bloch, based on "économies, sociétés, et civilisations." |
Other
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Interdependent | reliant on each other |
Developing Nations | newly industrializing countries where many of the people still follow traditional ways of life |
Developed Nations | have long been industrialized and have the technology to produce a great quantity and variety of goods |
Diversify | increase the variety of something |
Deforestation | the widespread clearing of forests for logging or farming |
Montreal Protocol | called for the reductions in the use of chemicals damaging to the earth’s atmosphere |
Earth Summit | UN sponsored conference that called on nations to plan economic growth to meet present global needs without sacrificing the environmental needs of future generations. |
Earth Summit+5 | follow-up of the first Earth Summit conference |
Space Shuttle | spacecraft with wings for controlled descent in the atmosphere, designed to transport astronauts between Earth and an orbiting space station and also used to deploy and retrieve satellites. |
Sputnik | the first satellite into orbit in 1957 |
Internet | a massive number of computers linked together through a worldwide, high-speed, telecommunications network |
Atlantis | American space shuttle docked with Mir |
Mir | Russian space station |
Lasers | devices that emit narrow, powerful beams of light |
DNA | (deoxyribonucleic acid) led to field of genetic engineering |
Genetic engineering | process that involves the alteration of cells to produce new life-forms |
Existentialism | viewpoint that became popular among intellectuals in the West, said that each person is essentially alone, but free to choose his or her path in life |
Sisyphus | philosophical essay by Albert Camus |
Principia Mathematica | landmark work written by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, and published in three volumes, written as a defense of logicism |
Deconstruction | term used in contemporary literary criticism, philosophy, and the social sciences, coined by Jacques Derrida |
International Monetary Fund | set up after World War II to assist global economic development |
EU | international body that was recognized for its growing importance |
Microchip | the “brain” driving the computer |
Association of Caribbean States | formed by countries in the Caribbean, created for same reasons as North American Free Trade Agreement and Southern Common Market |
North American Free Trade Agreement | implemented by U.S., Canada, and Mexico, meant to increase trade and to coordinate economic growth among member nations |
Southern Common Market | several nations in South America participated in this, similar purpose as that of North American Free Trade Agreement and Association of Caribbean States |
Treaty of Maastricht | Western European nations took steps toward political unity by creating the European Union |
Association of Southeast Asian Nations | said to have a powerful impact on the global economy in the future |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights | most important human-rights document of the postwar years, addresses social and economic as well as political rights |
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