Blood Chemistry 3
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Blood Chemistry Tests
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stationary Cell | A cell that stays in one place in the body: skin, muscles, bones, organs (heart, lungs, kidneys, etc.). |
| Circulating Cell | A cell that moves throughout the body by traveling in the blood. |
| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | A lab test that provides information about cells circulating in the blood. It includes the number of RBC's, the amount of hemoglobin, and other measurements related to the RBC's. |
| Red Blood Cell (RBC) | A cell that transports oxygen from the lungs to the body. |
| Red Blood Cell (RBC) | An oval-shaped cell that contains hemoglobin. |
| Red Blood Cell (RBC) | Low in anemia, bleeding, malnutrition, kidney disease. |
| Red Blood Cell (RBC) | High in polycythemia, heart and lung disease, dehydration. |
| Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) | An iron-rich protein that carries oxygen and makes the blood red. |
| Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) | Low in anemia, bleeding, malnutrition, cirrhosis, cancer. |
| Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) | High in dehydration, polycythemia. |
| Hematocrit (Hct) | Reflects the amount of space in the blood occupied by RBC's. |
| Hematocrit (Hct) | Low in anemia, bleeding, malnutrition, cirrhosis, cancer. |
| Hematocrit (Hct) | High in dehydration, polycythemia, hemochromatosis. |
| Mean Corpuscle (Cell) Volume (MCV) | The average size of the RBC's. |
| Mean Corpuscle (Cell) Volume (MCV) | A test to detect anemia, thalassemia, malnutrition. |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) | The average amount of hemoglobin in each RBC. |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) | A test to detect anemia, thalassemia, malnutrition. |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) | The average amount of hemoglobin in the RBC's compared to the average size of the RBC's. It is the ratio of the MCH to the MCV. |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) | A test to detect anemia, thalassemia, malnutrition. |
| Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) | Degree of variation in the size of the RBC's. |
| Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) | A test to detect anemia, thalassemia, malnutrition. |
| Differential | An investigation of RBC's and WBC's under a microscope. It tells the relative numbers and appearances of the different cell types. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| White Blood Cell (WBC) | Helps the body fight illness or infection. As part of the immune system, it recognizes and fights things that are foreign to (not part of) the body. |
| White Blood Cell (WBC) | Larger in size and smaller in number than RBC's. |
| White Blood Cell (WBC) | 5 types: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils. |
| WBC / WBC Diff | A test to detect infection, leukemia. |
| Neutrophil | A WBC that protects the body from bacterial infections. It moves toward bacteria and then swallows them up so the bacteria cannot harm the body. |
| Lymphocyte | A WBC that protects the body against viruses, bacteria, and fungi. |
| B-Cell | A lymphocyte that produces antibodies that attack and destroy bacteria and viruses. |
| T-Cell | A lymphocyte that directly attacks viruses and bacteria and can stimulate the B-cells to produce antibodies. |
| Monocyte | A WBC that consumes dead or damaged cells. Many of them work together as the body's "clean-up crew". |
| Eosinophil | A WBC that kills parasites and contributes to allergic reactions. |
| Basophil | A WBC that releases histamines during allergic reactions. |
| Platelet | The smallest kind of blood cell. Groups of these sticky cells clump together and from a sticky mass that helps the blood clot. |
| Promyelocyte | A cell type not usually found in the blood. |
| Metamyelocyte | A cell type not usually found in the blood. |
| Blast | A cell type not usually found in the blood. |
| Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) | A measurement of the average size of the platelets. Higher numbers roughly indicate better platelet function. |
| Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) | A test to detect bleeding and clotting disorders. |
| Platelet Count (Plt) | A test to detect bleeding and clotting disorders. |
| Low Platelet Count (Low Plt) | Thrombocytopenia. Associated with bleeding. Can be caused by rare inherited disorders, leukemia, autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus), and medications (aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, salicylate, or 2-(acetyloxy) benzoic acid). |
| High Platelet Count (High Plt) | Less common. Often associated with clotting disorders like thrombocytopenia but can also happen in some cancers and following infections or other medical conditions. |
Reference:
http://www.questdiagnostics.com/healthwise/files/cbc.pdf
(PP1427 07/2005 version)
See Blood Chemistry or Blood Chemistry 2 for more.
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