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Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Molecule | 2 or more atoms joined together by a bond(s). |
| Cell | Building blocks of complex organisms. Membrane Bound and Utilize Energy. |
| Ligand | The bound molecule. |
| Polar | Higher electron density on one side of a molecule compared to another side. |
| Binding Site | The region of a protein that associates with a ligand. |
| Prokaryotes | No Nucleus, No Organelles, Single Cell. (Bacteria) |
| Eukaryotes | Have Nucleus, Organelles, Many Cells. |
| Permeability | Allows certain molecules to pass while blocking others. |
| Domain | What Proteins Do. |
| Hydrophillic | Loves Water (Acid on Top of Fatty Acid) |
| Hydrophobic | Hates Water |
| Hydrolysis | Adding Water during reaction (Amino Acid Coming Apart) |
| Condensation | Taking Water Away (Amino Acid Coming Together) |
| Carbon fixation | inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) is converted to organic carbon (i.e. sugars). |
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Characteristics
| Term | Characteristics |
|---|
| Sub Atomic Particles | Charge and Mass. |
| Amino Acids | Charge and Polarity. |
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Bond Types
| Bond Type | Definition |
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| Ionic | Attraction between positive and negative charges. |
| Covalent | Atoms share a pair of electrons forming strong bond(s). |
| Hydrogen | Hydrogen atom(s) shared between other atoms. |
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Building Blocks to Larger Units
| Building Blocks | Larger Units |
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| Sugars | Polysaccharides |
| Fatty Acids | Fats / Lipids / Membranes |
| Amino Acids | Proteins |
| Nucleotides | Nucleic Acids |
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Protein Functions
| Function | Example |
|---|
| Enzyme | DNA Polymerase |
| Structural | Collagen |
| Transport | Hemoglobin |
| Motor | Myosin |
| Storage | Casein |
| Signaling | Insulin |
| Receptor | Rhodopsin |
| Regulatory | Lactose Repressor |
| Speciality | Antifreeze |
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Regulation of Proteins
| Protein Regulation Method | Meaning |
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| Gene Expression | Stops the Protein |
| Compartmentalization | Separates the Protein (Secludes the Protein) |
| Allosteric Change | Conformational Change to make it not behave the same. (Active Change) |
| Modification | Adds a Phosphate to Change the Protein to Inactive State. (Passive Change) |
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Cell Components
| Cell Part | Function(s) |
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| Nucleus | Contains DNA and Has pores that are continuous with ER. |
| Mitochondria | Produces ATP (The Powerhouse). |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Makes membrane parts and processes proteins (gives them a route). |
| Golgi Apparatus | synthesis and modification of molecules (continuation of ER). |
| Cytoskeleton | Actin filaments (Movement in Muscles), Microtubules (Pull apart chromosomes), and Intermediate Filaments (Mechanical Strength). |
| Chloroplasts | Photosynthesis (CO2 and H2O to Sugar ). |
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