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Biochemistry Enzymes
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Summary
Memorize Biochemistry Enzymes facts.
Enzyme Roles
| Enzyme | Function |
|---|
| Galactokinase | Galactose --> Galactose-1-phosphate |
| Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase | Galactose-1-phosphate --> Glucose-1-phosphate |
| Hexokinase/glucokinase | Glucose -->Glucose-6-phosphate |
| Glucose-6-phosphatase | Glucose-6-phosphate --> Glucose |
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) | Glucose-6-phosphate --> 6-phosphogluconlactone |
| Transketolase | Ribulose-5-phosphate --> Fructose-6-phosphate |
| Phosphofructokinase | Fructose-6-phosphate --> Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate |
| Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase | Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate -->Fructose-6-phosphate |
| Fructokinase | Fructose --> F1P |
| Aldolase B | F1 --> DHAP |
| Pyruvate kinase | Phosphoenolpyruvate --> Pyruvate |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase | Pyruvate --> Acetyl Co-A |
| HMG-CoA reductase | HMG-CoA --> Mevalonate |
| Pyruvate carboxylase | Pyruvate --> Oxaloacetate |
| PEP carboxykinase | Oxaloacetate --> Phosphoenolpyruvate |
| Citrate synthase | Oxaloacetate --> Citrate |
| alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase | alpha-ketoglutarate --> Succinyl-CoA |
| Ornithine transcarbamylase | Ornithine --> Citruline |
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Enzyme-Disease Associations
| Enzyme | Associations |
|---|
| Galactokinase | mild glactosemia |
| Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase | severe galactosemia |
| Glucose-6-phosphatase | von Gierke's |
| Fructokinase | essential fructosuria |
| Aldolase B | Fructose intolerance |
| defective glycolysis or HMP shunt | hemolytic anemia |
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Irreversible enzymes of Gluconeogenesis
| Enzyme | Function, location |
|---|
| Pyruvate carboxylase | pyruvate --> oxaloacetate, mitochondria |
| PEP carboxykinase | oxaloacetate --> PEP, cytosol |
| Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase | Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate --> Fructose-6-P, cytosol |
| Glucose-6-phosphatase | G-6-P --> glucose, cytosol |
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Irreversible enzymes of Glycolysis
| Enzyme | Function |
|---|
| Hexokinase/glucokinase | Glucose --> G-6-P |
| Phosphofructokinase (rate limiting step) | Fructose-6-Phosphate --> Fructose-1,6,bisphosphate |
| Pyruvate kinase | PEP --> pyruvate |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase | Pyruvate --> Acetyl-CoA |
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