Animal Welfare
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Updated
2008-11-12 02:16
Animal Welfare
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The five freedoms are freedom | from hunger and thirst; from discomfort; from pain, injury and disease; to express most normal behaviour; from fear and distress |
| Reasons for zoos | conservation, education, research (+ entertainment) |
| The biological and ethological needs for captive animal welfare include | The physical environment, The social environment, Food and feeding behaviour, Reproductive behaviour, Human-animal relationship |
| What are the four aspects of social structure? | group size, sex ration, dominance hierarchy, age structure |
| Important aspects of feed management | Adequate nutritional diet, time spent feeding, food of correct bulkiness for digestive system |
| Aspects of reproductive behaviour | mating, maternal-offspring requirements, weaning |
| Effects of captivity on behaviour | Stereotypies, increased agression, altered time budgets, increased frustration or conflict behaviour, increased fearful behaviour, ontogenic behavioural changes |
| Environmental enrichment is | an animal husbandry principle that seeks to enhance the quality of captive animal care by identifying and providing the environmental stimuli necessary for optimal psychological and physiological well-being |
| four forms of environmental enrichment | physical, social, feeding and conditioning |
| Behavioural measures of welfare | Behaviour observation, working for a reward, working for escape from unpleasant stimuli, abnormal behaviour, interactions with stockpeople, choices, |
| the most important behavioural principal for successful captive management of wild animals is | Understanding the normal social structure of a species |
| if we can Understandthe normal social structure of a species | many other behaviour, such as feeding and reproduction fall into place. |
| management challenges involving an understanding of social structure | juvenile males reaching sexual maturity, the introduction of new animals to the social group |
| Two main types of fphysiological response | activation of the autonomic nervous system and activation of the neuroendocrine system |
| The autonomic nervous system is further divided into | sympathetic adrenal medullary system (involving the flight or fight response) and parasympathetic nervous system |
| Behaviour can be subdivided into | overt behaviour and adaptive response |
| Why study behaviour? | to manage stock without undue stress, to manage animals for optimal production, to manage pest animals, to design facilities which consider the needs of animals, to manage endangered species |
| How to develop an understanding of animal behaviour? | LEOME learn examine observe measure establish |
| home range | where an animal lives, regardless of whether defended |
| territory | a fixed space, defended against other individuals, usually the same species |
| Territories vary in | space, time, amount of trespass allowed |
| how to control the effects of overcrowding? | sufficient attractive feeding troughs and nestboxes, partitioning of spaces, subdued lighting |
| The social organisation of a species includes | physical structure, social structure, group cohesion |
| Important aspects of social behaviour | dominance and social facilitation |
| a dominance hierarchy is | the system of space sharing in a group arranged on a priority basis which keeps friction at a minimum. |
| dominance hierarchy prevents aggression as | weak individuals learn that they are weak and so avoid fights which they cannot win |
| social facilitation | the tendancy for animals to join in an activity, eg feeding |
| an animal will fight | To defend or claim territory, To assert dominance, As a prelude to mating, Out of fear |
| Three Pillars of Animal Management | The Animals – their behaviour and adaptations. The Humans – the people looking after the animals, in other words: us. The System – the facilities and systems of handling and husbandry that we adopt for our animals, both intensive and extensive |
| stockperson-animal interactions can affect | productivity and of the animal, job satisfaction of the stockperson |
| Skills and attributes of the stockperson | l knowledge of the species being managed, Practical experience Observational skills to identify changes in the animals’ behaviour, production or health. Ability to work both independently and in a team, and to take responsibility and initiative when required. Good, general, all-round farm skills |
| fear is | an emotional reaction to a stimulus that the animal works to terminate, escape from or avoid |
| three phases of fear response | behavioural response, acute stress response, chronic stress response |
| Behavioural Response | inital response; fight or flight |
| Acute stress response | Fear continues, animal may adopt a coping strategy, metabolic rate increases |
| Chronic stress response | Animal is constantly threatened, animal is unable to cope with its fear. effects such as decreased growth, immunity and reproduction. |
| Measurements of fear can be | behavioural, eg avoidance, physiological, eg heart rate |
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