In the __th week, this development occurs: int. mesoderm >> ____ _____ >> _____ cord
4 ; urogenital ridge ; nephrogenic
From cranial to caudal, and also from earlier to later, the 3 fetal excretory "organs" are:
pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros
Of the 3 excretory organs, which is not functional at all?
pronephros
The core "skeleton" of the excretory organs is the _____ _____, which empties into the cloaca
mesonephric duct
The mesonephros develops as follows: int. mesoderm cell cluster >> _____ ______ >> ______ tubule
mesonephric vesicle ; mesonephric
The ___ end of the mesonephric tubule (part of the mesonephros) joins the mesonephric duct, which empties into the cloaca.
lateral
The ___ end of the mesonephric tubule forms _____'s _____, and together with blood vessels, becomes the ______
medial ; Bowman capsule ; corpuscle
The mesonephros develops during the 4th to __th weeks
11
BEFORE THE END OF the 4th week, the UPPER part of the ____ completely degenerates, while its lower part (the _____ ______) will remain for the next excretory system to develop.
a urachal sinus may open EITHER into the ____ OR at the ______
bladder ; umbilicus
a urachal _____ opens both into the bladder and at the umbilicus (persistence of entire lumen) and causes discharge of urine from the umbilicus.
fistula
Results from failure of the mesoderm to migrate in between the ectoderm and the endoderm and form muscle
exstrophy of the bladder
exstrophy of the bladder is associated with penis anomalies, e.g. ______
hemipenis
The adrenal cortex is derived from the
mesoderm
The adrenal medulla is derived from
neural crest cells (cells come from an adjacent sympathetic ganglion)
a deficiency in enzymes necessary for cortisol biosynthesis results in increased levels of _____, which causes overproduction of _______. This is termed ____ _____ ______.
ACTH ; androgens ; congenital adrenal hyperplasia
memorize
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